Python Operators
Operators perform operations on variables and values.
1. Arithmetic Operators:
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
+ |
Addition |
x + y |
- |
Subtraction |
x - y |
* |
Multiplication |
x * y |
/ |
Division (float) |
x / y |
// |
Floor Division( integer) |
x // y |
% |
Modulus |
x % y |
** |
Exponentiation |
x ** y |
x = 10
y = 3
print(x + y) #13
print(x - y) #7
print(x * y) # 30
print(x / y) # 3.3333
print(x // y) #3 Integer division
print(x % y) #1 Modulus/Remainder
print(x ** y) #1000 Exponent
2. Comparison Operators (Relational Operators)
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
== |
Equal to |
x == y |
!= |
Not equal to |
x != y |
> |
Greater than |
x > y |
< |
Less than |
x < y |
>= |
Greater than or equal to |
x >= y |
<= |
Less than or equal to |
x <= y |
x=5
y=10
print(x == y) #False
print(x != y) # True
print(x>y) #False
print(x
print(x >= y) # False
print(x <= y) # True
3. Assignment Operators
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
= |
Assignment |
x = 5 |
+= |
Add and Assign |
x += 5 same as x = x + 5 |
-= |
Subtract and Assign |
x -= 5same as x = x - 5 |
*= |
Multiply and Assign |
x *= 5 same as x = x * 5 |
/= |
Divide AND Assign |
x /= 5 same as x = x / 5 |
%= |
Modulus AND Assign |
x %= 5 same as x = x % 5 |
//= |
Floor Division/Integer division AND Assign |
x //= 5 same as x = x // 5 |
**= |
Exponent AND Assign |
x **= 5 same as x = x ** 5 |
x=5
x += 3 #x= x + 3 ( x is now 8)
x -= 2 # x = x - 2 ( x is now 6)
x *= 4 # x= x * 4 (x is now 24)
x /= 3 # x= x/3 (x is now 8.0)
x %= 5 # x = x% 5 (x is now 3.0)
x //= 2 #x=x//2 (x is now 1.0)
x**=3 #x= x**3 ( x is now 1.0)
4. Logical Operators
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
and |
Logical AND |
x > 0 and x < 10 (True only if both condition are True) |
or |
Logical OR |
x > 0 or x < 10 (True only if either conditions are True) |
not |
Logical NOT |
not(x > 0 and x < 10) (Reverses the result, if result is True becomes False) |
x = 5
y = 10
print(x > 2 and y < 20) # True (both conditions are true)
print(x > 6 or y==10) #True(atleast one condition is true)
print(not(x==5)) # False ( x is 5 so x == 5 is true but not operator makes the final output to False)
5. Bitwise Operators (Work with binary representations of integers.)
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
& |
Bitwise AND |
x & y |
| |
Bitwise OR |
x | y |
^ |
Bitwise XOR |
x ^ y |
~ |
Bitwise NOT |
~x |
<< |
Left Shift |
x << n |
>> |
Right Shift |
x >> n |
x = 10 # Binary: 1010
y = 4 # Binary: 0100
print(x & y) #0 (1010 and 0100 only has 0's at shared place values.)
print(x | y) #14
print(x ^ y) # 14
print(~x) #-11
print(x << 2) # 40 (shifts 2 bits)
print(x >> 2) # 2
6. Membership Operators ( check sequence items)
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
in |
Returns True if a value found in the sequence otherwise returns False |
"apple" in list_of_fruits |
not in |
Returns True if a value not found in the sequence otherwise returns False |
"apple" not in list_of_fruits |
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("banana" in fruits) # Output: True
print("orange" not in fruits) # Output: True
7. Identity Operators (Compares memory locations of two objects)
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
is |
Returns True if both variables point same object otherwise returns False |
x is y |
is not |
Returns True if both variables not point to the same object otherwise returns False |
x is not y |
x = ["apple", "banana"]
y = ["apple", "banana"]
z = x
print(x is z) # True (x and z refer to the same list in memory.)
print(x is y) # False (Though x and y contain the same elements, but point different lists.)
print(x == y) # True (x and y contains same elements)
print(x is not y) # True (Since both point to the different memory locations)