Java is fundamentally object-oriented. Everything is represented as an object, which encapsulates data (fields) and methods (functions) that operate on that data. This promotes modularity, reusability, and maintainability.
Java code is compiled into bytecode, an intermediate language. This bytecode can run on any platform (Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.) that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This means you don't need to recompile your code for different operating systems.
Java features automatic garbage collection, which automatically manages memory allocation and deallocation. This reduces memory leaks and other memory-related errors. Java also includes robust exception handling to manage errors gracefully.
Java's security model is designed to prevent malicious code from harming the system. The JVM sandboxes Java applications, limiting their access to system resources.
As mentioned, the WORA principle makes Java highly portable. Code written on one platform can, with minimal modification, run on another with a JVM. This enhances the language's flexibility and applicability.
Java supports the creation of new classes and methods through inheritance. Existing classes can be extended, leading to a hierarchy of classes and objects, which promotes code reusability and extensibility.
Java facilitates concurrent programming with multithreading, enabling multiple tasks to run concurrently. This is critical for applications requiring responsiveness or high performance.
Java's features (like RMI) support distributed applications, where parts of the program can run on different computers, connected over a network.
Java's automatic garbage collection frees programmers from manual memory management. The JVM automatically reclaims memory occupied by objects no longer in use, preventing memory leaks and other memory-related issues.